마닐라 대도시 (공동세계관)

Metropolitan Manila (often shortened as Metro Manila; 틀:Lang-fil), officially the National Capital Region (NCR; 틀:Lang-fil), is the seat of government and one of three defined metropolitan areas in the Philippines. It is composed of 16 cities: the city of Manila, Quezon City, Caloocan, Las Piñas, Makati, Malabon, Mandaluyong, Marikina, Muntinlupa, Navotas, Parañaque, Pasay, Pasig, San Juan, Taguig, and Valenzuela, as well as the municipality of Pateros. The region encompasses an area of and a population of 00000♠13,484,462 as of 2020.틀:PH census It is the second most populous and the most densely populated region of the Philippines. It is also the 9th most populous metropolitan area in Asia and the 5th most populous urban area in the world.

The region is the center of culture, economy, education and government of the Philippines. Designated as a global power city, the region exerts a significant impact on commerce, finance, media, art, fashion, research, technology, education, and entertainment, both locally and internationally. It is the home to all embassies in the Philippines, thereby making it an important center for international diplomacy in the country. Its economic power makes the region the country's premier center for finance and commerce. The region accounts for 36% of the gross domestic product (GDP) of the Philippines.

The region was established in 1975 through Presidential Decree No. 824 in response to the needs to sustain the growing population and for the creation for the center of political power and the seat of the government of the Philippines. The Province of Manila, the predecessor entity of the region, is one of the first eight provinces that revolted against the Spanish colonial rule in the Philippines at the end of the 19th century. Manila's role in the Revolution is honored in the flag of the Philippines, where the sun's eight rays symbolize the eight revolutionary provinces.

History

Province of Manila

Map of Manila province

A historical province known as Manila encompassed territories once held by various pre-Hispanic polities. This included the well-known Pasig River delta settlements of Maynila and Tondo, but smaller settlements such as those at Tambobong, Taguig, Pateros, and the fortified polity of Cainta. It became the capital of the colonial Philippines,틀:Clarify with Manila (Intramuros) serving as the center of colonial power. In 1898, it included the city of Manila and 23 other municipalities. Mariquina also served as the capital from 1898 to 1899, just as when the sovereignty of the Philippines was transferred to the United States. The province was dissolved and most of it was incorporated into the newly created province of Rizal in 1901.

Since the Spanish colonial period, Manila was considered one of the original global cities. The Manila galleon was the first known commercially traveled trade route that sailed the Pacific for 250 years, bringing to Mexico their cargoes of luxury goods, economic benefits, and cultural exchange.

Creation of the province of Rizal

During the American period, at the time of the Philippine Commonwealth, American architect and urban designer Daniel Burnham was commissioned to create the grand Plan of Manila to be approved by the Philippine Government. The creation of Manila in 1901 was composed of the places and parishes of Binondo, Ermita, Intramuros, Malate, Manila, Pandacan, Quiapo, Sampaloc, San Andrés Bukid, San Fernando de Dilao, San Miguel, San Nicolas, Santa Ana de Sapa, Santa Cruz, Santa Mesa and Tondo. Meanwhile, the towns and parishes of Caloocan, Las Piñas, Mariquina, Pasig, Parañaque, Malabon, Navotas, San Juan del Monte, San Pedro de Macati, San Felipe Neri, Muntinlupa and the Taguig-Pateros area were incorporated into the province of Rizal, with Pasig being designated as its provincial capital.

Approximate locations of the towns of the province of Manila 

Caloocan

Las Piñas

Malibay

MANILA

Mariquina

Montalban

Muntinlupa

Navotas

Novaliches

Parañaque

Pasig

Pateros

Pineda

San Felipe
Neri

San Juan
del Monte

San Mateo

San Pedro Macati

Taguig

Tambobong

Binondo

Dilao

Ermita

Malate

Pandacan

Quiapo

Sampaloc

San Miguel

Santa Ana

Santa Cruz

Tondo

BULACAN

CAVITE

LAGUNA

Laguna de Bay

Manila Bay

MORONG DISTRICT

Nichols Field runway with Manila in the background, taken prior to 1941

In 1939, President Quezon established Quezon City with a goal to replace Manila as the capital city of the country. A master plan for Quezon City was completed. The establishment of Quezon City meant the demise of the grand Burnham Plan of Manila, with funds being diverted for the establishment of the new capital. World War II further resulted in the loss of most of the developments in the Burnham Plan, but more importantly, the loss of more than 100,000 lives at the Battle of Manila in 1945. Later on, Quezon City was eventually declared as the national capital in 1948. The title was re-designated back to Manila in 1976 through Presidential Decree No. 940, owing to its historical significance as the almost uninterrupted seat of government of the Philippines since the Spanish colonial period. Presidential Decree No. 940 states that Manila has always been, to the Filipino people and in the eyes of the world, the premier city of the Philippines, being the center of trade, commerce, education, and culture.

Creation of the city of Greater Manila

During the war, President Manuel L. Quezon created the City of Greater Manila as an emergency measure, merging the cities of Manila and Quezon City, along with the municipalities of Caloocan, Las Piñas, Mariquina, Pasig, Parañaque, Malabon, Navotas, San Juan del Monte, San Pedro de Macati, San Felipe Neri, Muntinlupa and the Taguig-Pateros area. Jorge Vargas was appointed as its mayor. Mayors in the cities and municipalities included in the City of Greater Manila served as vice mayors in their town. This was in order to ensure that Vargas, who was Quezon's principal lieutenant for administrative matters, would have a position of authority recognized under international military law. The City of Greater Manila was abolished by the Japanese with the formation of the Philippine Executive Commission to govern the occupied regions of the country. The City of Greater Manila served as a model for the present-day Metro Manila and the administrative functions of the Governor of Metro Manila that was established during the Marcos administration. 메트로 마닐라(타갈로그어: Kalakhang Maynila, Kamaynilaan, 영어: Metro Manila 메트로 마닐라^[*]), 국가수도구(타갈로그어: Pambansang Punong Rehiyon; 영어: National Capital Region, NCR)는 인구 1000만이 넘는 필리핀 유일의 대도시 (Metropolis) 지역이다. 11,553,427명의 인구(2007년 8월 1일 인구조사)가 거주하며 교외 지역인 라구나 주, 카비테 주, 리살 주, 불라칸 주까지 "Greater Metro Manila"라고 불린다.

필리핀 대통령령 940호에 의해 1976년 6월 24일 필리핀의 수도를 퀘존 (공동세계관) 시에서 행정수도 마닐라 (Manila)로 변경하면서, 대부분의 정부청사와 교육기관이 밀집한 필리핀 최대 도시 퀘손(Quezon) 시, 공장 지대와 금융 지대를 아우루는 파식(Pasig) 시, 마닐라만을 따라 호텔과 공항 터미널이 위치한 말라테(Malate) 시와 파사이(Pasay) 시를 포함하는 총 16개의 도시(City)와 1개의 자치시(Municipality)를 필리핀의 수도(NCR: National Capital Region)로 지정하였다.